Who Are the Senior Judges in the English Legal System

In addition to his work on the Supreme Court and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, he is also a member of the ad hoc panel of judges of the European Court of Human Rights. Lord Reed is also the High Steward of Oxford University. Federal judges strive to ensure equal justice before the law. Learn about the different types of federal judges and the cases they hear. A clerk is a part-time district judge, usually a practicing attorney, attorney, or a member of the court or tribunal who is not a full-time district judge. Clerks are called to court in the same manner as district judges (as “Your Honour”). There is no official abbreviation for the position and clerks are referred to as “Mr. / Mrs. Recorder Smith” (unlike district judges who may be referred to as “HHJ Smith” in judgments, legal reports or other legal documents).

Bankruptcy judges are created pursuant to laws enacted by Congress. Learn about the history of bankruptcy judges from the following resources: A lawyer or attorney who works part-time as a district judge (who can take their first steps to become a full-time district judge). Retired district judges sometimes serve as deputies. Called “Mr.” or “Mrs.” referred to as “DDJ Smith” in legal reports. The Senior District Judge (Magistrates` Courts) is also known as Chief Magistrate. [21] Guest judges who may, by appointment and assignment, sit in any other federal court that requires their services. They provide temporary support not only when judges in a court need to be recused, but also to deal with the workload arising from vacancies, lack of judges, specific emergencies and other imbalances in workload. Article III of the Constitution governs the appointment, duration and remuneration of Supreme Court judges and federal district and district judges. These judges, often referred to as “Article III judges,” are appointed by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate.

Until the Judicial Service Act 1873, the English judicial system was littered with courts, most of which date back to the Middle Ages and had overlapping judicial powers. In 1873, several of these courts were abolished and replaced by a Supreme Court of Justice, consisting of the Court of Appeal and the High Court of Justice, the latter having five divisions: Chancellery; Queen`s (or King`s) Bank; Common means; Chessboard; and succession, divorce and admiralty. In 1881, the refinement of the judicial system continued, with the Queen`s Bench Division taking over the Common Pleas and Exchequer. The Courts Act 1971 further refined the judicial system of England and Wales, with other specialist courts abolished and replaced by the Crown Court in 1972. The Crown Court is an intermediate court situated above the Magistrates` Courts, but below the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The Supreme Court of Justice was renamed the Supreme Court of England and Wales in 1981 and the Senior Courts of England and Wales in 2009. Although the Lord Chancellor is no longer a judge, he still exercises disciplinary authority over judges, together with the Lord Chief Justice. [6] He also plays a role in the appointment of judges by overseeing the Judicial Nominating Commission.

[7] Chief justices receive the salary of their office when they take office as an annuity. A list of judges under the age of 75 who have retired but continue to hear cases from time to time. Below is a list of the different types of judges sitting in the courts of England and Wales:[3] Judges sitting in another court in their circle have an intra-circuit function approved by the Chief Justice of the circuit. Judges who sit with a court outside their home district have an inter-circuit assignment. For Article III judges, cross-circuit assignments must be approved by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. The temporary assignments of bankruptcy judges and magistrates are coordinated by court and county presidents. The number and location of judges is determined by the United States Judicial Conference. Like judges with higher status under Article III, bankruptcy and district judges may continue to provide legal assistance even after retirement. In general, dismissed judges exercise all the powers and duties they had as an active judge. District councils decide, based on the court`s workload, whether there is a significant need for recall services from bankruptcy judges and district judges.